Class 9 Civics Chapter 1 Democracy in the contemporary world

Q. How can we say that china does not have real democracy ? 

Ans. We can say that china does not have real democracy by following ways :-
*The election of Chinese parliament (National People Congress ) is dominated by a single political party  (Chinese communist Party ).
*However , China has 8 other smaller political party , but they are alliance with Chinese communist party .
*If any other candidate has to contest in election , he/she as to take permission from the Chinese communist party .
*A single political party in china is always capable to form its government in china .
*Hence , people of china don't have wide option either to select or to reject the candidate according to there well.


Q. Is democracy principles practiced at the international level ? How?

Ans. *The UN is considered as a recognized International body but its security councils 5 Permanent members have Veto powers .
*The IMF (an intentional ) money leaders has 188 members countries but they don't have equal weight age of their votes .
 *The president of the world Bank Usually elected from U.S Citizens .
*The WTO which responsible to register globalization , doesn't work impartially .


Q. What method  should be followed to promote democracy though out the world ?

Ans. *Democracy can not be imposed but it can be created by making people aware from its ideals .
*It can also be promoted by following its principle in every aspects of life for example In family ,schools and other public places .
*It can be also be promoted by following democratic principles by international organization .


Q. Who was Salvador Allende ?  What reform did he introduce after becoming the president of china ?

Ans. Salvador  Allende was president of chili and also founder leader of socialist party of chile .
                 The reformers was introduce after becoming the president of chile as reform of the educational system free milk for children and re-distraction of land to landless farmer .He also imposed instruction to foreign companies taking way any a natural resource from the country .


Q. What does military cop mean ? why was military cop taken place in chile ?

Ans,  Military cop mean a sudden action was taken by military to get the power .Military cop was taken place in chile because  Salvador  Allende  restrict foreign  countries to drainage natural resources from chile to america was unhappy from Salvador  Allende decision and no supported financially to military to end Allende role .

Q. Who was Augusto Pinochet ? How did he rule over china ?

Ans . Augsto Pinochet was an irony general who led the cop then he become the president of china under dictatorship .
*While his rule in china the power was shifted fro a government was elected by people to military officers.
*They were free rule as the pleased .
*They establish military dictatorship in china.
*They tortured and killed those people who want democracy in china .
*She also sacrifice his father's life for cause of democracy .
*She get sympathetic support from the people of chile .

Q. How did democracy expand in the world ?

Ans. Democracy in the world expand by the following ways :-
*Democracy was initiated from Greece .
*It expands in others European country after french revolution 1784.
*After the second world war those countries which got declonised from imperial powers adopted .
*After disintegration of USSR the independent countries started following democracy .


Q. Ideal features of real democracy ?
Ans. *Rulers must be elected by people of nation people should have right to terminate rulers if rulers does not work for welfare of people 
*People should have right to freedom which can enable them to express their views even against government and follow strike ,dharna etc in peaceful ways.


Q. Are democratic principle practiced at international level ? If No How?

Ans. *The UN is considered as a reorganized international body but its security councils five permanent members have veto- powers .
*The IMF (an international money leader ) has 185 members of countries but they do not have equal weight age of their votes .
*The president of world bank usually elected from U.S citizens .
*The UN  which is responsible to regulate globalization does not work impartially .


Q. What method should we followed to promote democracy throughout the world ?

Ans. *Democracy can not be imposed but it can be created by making people aware from its ideal.
*It can also be promoted by following democratic principles by international organisation and avoiding partially for any nation.




Refrendom :- It is an official proposal which is issued by the government to seek views of people on the national views .

Planing in Sports Class 12 Physical Education

#Meaning and objective of planing 
:-Planing comprises the process of setting goals developing strategies and outline tasks and schedule to accomplish goods.


*Objective of Planing 

1. To reduce unnecessary pressure of immediacy.
2. To keep good control activities.
3. To facilitate poor co-ordination.
4. To reduce the chance of mistake .
5. To enhance sports programs.
6. To increase the creativity.

=>4w + 1H
W -> what is to be done.
W -> When is to b done .
W-> Where is to be done .
W -> Who is to be done .
H -> How is to be done.

*Advantages of Planning 

1. Provides direction :- all employees focused and focused on one thing .
2. Reduces wastage of time :- everything is planed so no time loss.
3. Sure success :- programs run smoothly and future secured.
4. Self-confidence :- to face any situation  .
5. Develops interests :- perfect co-ordination .
6. Take right decisions :- more option to choose and decide correct option .
7. Promote Creative Ideas :- more backups plans

Committees and Responsibility

     |

     |__Planning ko chalane wale 

->To execute the planning properly .

->For smooth conduct of event .

->Committees should take people according to work and knowledge and ability .

Committees and Responsibility divided in many parts :-

1. Publicity Committee 
2. Transportation Committee
3. Boarding And Lodging Committee
4. Decoration and ceremony Committee
5. Grounds And Equipment Committee
6. Committee for Refreshments And Entertainments
7. Reception Committee
8. Committee on Entries and Programes .
9.  Committee For Officials 
10. Announcement Committee
11. First Aid Committee
12. Finance Committee

Commitiees

1.Chief Patron

• Generally head of institution. 
• Looks after full event .
• Conduct meeting with other committee.

2. Executive Committee 

• One member of from various committee
• decide important matter.

3. Organizing Committee

• Responsible for proper and smooth conduct

1. Pre-most organizing Committee :-event se pehele handle krne wala
2. During meet organizing committee :- event ke duraaan handle krne wala
3. Post-Meet Organizing committee :- event ke baaad handle krne wala

Tournament 

*It is a competition involving a relatively large number of competitors participating in a sport or game.

Importance of Tournament 

1. Development of sports skills.
2. propaganda of sports .
3. Helpful in selection of players .
4. Development of national to international integration .
5. Development of social qualities .
6. Source of recreation .

Types of Tournament 

1. Knock-Out Tournament 

:-a single elimination ,knockout ,or sudden death tournament is a type of elimination tournament where the losser of each match up is immediately eliminated from the tournament . Each winner will play another in next round until the final match-up , whose becomes the tournament champion .

2. League or Robin Round :-competition in which each contestant meets all other contestants in turn. A robin contrasts with an elimination tournament , in which participants are eliminated after a certain number of losses.

:-Best type of tournament.

:-Single tournament:- each team play atleast one match to the all team

N(N-1)/2 

:-Double league Tournament :-each team play at-least two match to the all team. N(N-1)

:-Deserving team in final.

:-Improve social Integration .

3. Combination Tournament 

:- Those tournament in which initial round of tournament are played on particular basis  (knock-out or league ) and the rest of the tournament played on another particular basis. 

Fixtures No. of teams = 16 for combination tournament teams are divided into four equal team. 

4 . Consolation Tournament 

:- Consolation tournament is a single match which is included in many sporting knock out tournament to decide which competitions or team will be credited with finishing third and fourth .

:-Seeding is a procedure by which good teams are placed to fixtures in such a way that stronger team do not meet each other at the start of a tournament .

                    Competition 

These are of two types :-

1)Intramural : within the walls

*Competition conducted within players of same institution .

*Schools divided in 4  to   6 groups/houses  .

*No students of other school participate .

Intramural Activities

*Major games : Hockey,cricket,football,etc

*Minor games : SACK race ,one leg race ,flog jump,etc 

*Rhythmic : Folk dance ,group song,solo dance ,etc

* Creative Activities : drawing ,painting ,etc

Objectives And Advantages 

1. Opportunity to every student
2. All Round Development
3. Introduction to sports and game
4. Develops leadership qualities
5. develops social quality 
6. Provides fun , Enjoyment , Relaxation 
7. Chance for selecting good players .

2)Extramural : Outside the wall

*Performed outside the wall of schools or institutions .

*Students of other schools participates .

Extramural Activities 

• Inter School
• Inter state 
• Inter district 
• National competitions 

Objectives and Advantages 

1. School show their capabilities.
2. Interaction with people .
3. Develops Social Qualities.
4. Provides correct knowledge of sports technology .
5. Increase participation in sports .

Specific Sports Programs

1) Sports Day

1. eagerly awaited in schools.
2. participation by everyone.
3. children play as team and individual representing class .
4. many conduct in October and November due to good weather.
5. other celebrate it on 29 august.*National Sports Day . *To honor  legendary Hockey Player Major Dhyan Chand . * President gives special awards such as Arjuna awards , Dronacharya award etc to players and coaches .
6. school use house system .
7. games played from spoon race to hurdle jump.
8. TUG of war between teachers and students .
9. makes school life interesting and memorable .
10. develops social skills .
11. develops team spirit .

2) Health Run 

1. organised in every part of every part of the world .
2. organised by many states to make health conscious.
3. WHO allots funds to different organisations which promote health run .
4. These runs give knowledge and create awareness about various diseases .
5. Ex health runs are conducted every year on December 1 as World's AIDS DAY.
6. Also organised for Charities .

3)Run For Run 

1. Organised by various organisation .
2.  For people of all ages .
3. Organised by NGO's (generally) Education , Institution ,etc .
4. Arranged just for fun and to Create Habits in Children and adults to run and make good habit of running and walking for good health .

4) Run For Unity

1. Organised by different nations their government ( state and central ) sports federation , institution etc.
2. people of all ages from different states come together and run .
3. Main purpose is national unity.
4. Develops feeling of patriotism (deshbhakti).

5) Run For Specific Cause 

1. Organised by NGO's ,government any institutions etc
2. to increase concern for pollution ,water ,traffic problems , etc and also for charity and relief funds .
3. People participating should prepare attraction poetry and slogans etc.
4. Participants should be given t-shirts ,caps ,etc 
5. After the finish , refreshment should be given .